![]() ![]() In this study, we did not only show the Trichophyton mentagrophytes-infected guinea pig onychomycosis model with the features which had been clinically seen in onychomycosis patients, but also evaluated the drug efficacy quantitatively by fungal DNA and fungal distributions in the nail tissue by staining fungi and evaluating histopathologically. ![]() 18 Their consistent findings in the model were similar to the clinical diagnoses of proximal subungual type (PSO), the distal subungual type (DSO) and the superficial white onychomycosis (SWO). reported that a novel model of onychomycosis in rabbit showed some disease features commonly shared within many onychomycosis patients. 17 Although this paper was the first paper reporting an animal model used for the curative efficacy of onychomycosis, detailed distributions of fungus elements in the nail tissue were not clearly described with a histopathological approach. 15, 17–21 Tatsumi et al reported evaluations of some antifungal agents using a guinea pig model of onychomycosis. Guinea pig and rabbit models have been used to evaluate the efficacy of antifungal agents that have been reported in the cure of onychomycosis. 11, 15, 16 In this study, we evaluated these two topical antifungal drugs for their preventive effects from fungal infection into the nail tissue and their effective period after their nail treatment in a guinea pig onychomycosis model. 13, 14 In addition, these two compounds are kinetically different in their affinity for keratin, their permeability into the deeper tissue from the applied nail surface, and their ability to remain within the tissue. This compound has a high in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton spp. On the other hand, luliconazole 5% solution (LLCZ) for a topical onychomycosis treatment is approved in Japan. Efinaconazole 10% solution (EFCZ) for a topical treatment of onychomycosis is approved in the United States, Canada, Korea, and Japan. Efinaconazole and luliconazole are newly launched topical drugs for the treatment of onychomycosis in Japan and/or United States, and these drugs can be used to confirm the prophylactic concept.Įfinaconazole and luliconazole are both classified as azole-structured compounds. 5, 8–12 However, there have not been many marketed topical antifungal drugs to confirm this medical concept. Many authors have pointed out that a prophylactic regimen of topical antifungal drugs would be effective to prevent the recurrence. 1–4 In the literature, a recurrence (relapse / reinfection ) rate of 20%–25% has been noted following initial successful treatment of onychomycosis with systemic or topical antifungal drugs. The prevalence rates are around 10–16% with affected populations in all ages. Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder and the most serious infections by fungi, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale, in the nail plate and nail bed. Luliconazole, efinaconazole, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, guinea pig, lasting antifungal effect Introduction This experimentally shown longer-lasting preventive effects of LLCZ could also decrease the likelihoods of onychomycosis recurrence clinically. ![]() The results suggest that LLCZ possesses longer-lasting antifungal effect in nails of the guinea pigs than EFCZ, and that this animal model could be useful for translational research between preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of antifungal drugs to treat onychomycosis. After the nontreatment period of 8 weeks, fungi were found in the nail surface and nail bed in some nails treated with EFCZ however, no infection was observed in the nail bed of the LLCZ-treated group. After the nontreatment period of 4 weeks, no infection was observed in the LLCZ-treated group however, infection into the nail surface and fungal invasion into the nail bed were observed in the EFCZ-treated group. Both LLCZ and EFCZ prevented fungal infection in the treated groups with the nontreatment period of 2 weeks. The fungal infection was confirmed in the untreated group. Drug efficacy was quantitatively evaluated by qPCR and histopathological examination of the nails collected following a 4-week post-infection period. After each nontreatment period, the nails were artificially infected by the fungus. Luliconazole 5% (LLCZ) and efinaconazole 10% (EFCZ) test solutions were applied to the animals’ nails once daily for 2 weeks followed by a nontreatment period of 2, 4, and 8 weeks. An efficacious period of two topical antifungal drugs was compared in a Trichophyton mentagrophytes-infected onychomycosis model in guinea pigs treated with antifungal drugs prior to infection.
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